Arch Linux: Complete Guide to Installation, Configuration, and Usage

Arch Linux is a well-known Linux-based distribution renowned for its minimalist nature, flexibility, and ability to be customized from scratch. Unlike more popular distributions such as Ubuntu or Fedora, Arch Linux is aimed at experienced users who want full control over their system and only the necessary components. In this article, we will explore in detail what Arch Linux is, how to install it, configure it, and use it for everyday tasks.

What is Arch Linux?

Arch Linux is a distribution based on the KISS (Keep It Simple, Stupid) principle, which emphasizes minimalism and ease of use. It uses its own package manager, pacman, which provides fast installation and updates of software. One of its key features is the "skeleton" system model: after installation, the user receives a minimal set of components and independently decides which programs and services are needed.

The main philosophy of Arch Linux is to provide users with complete freedom and control. Instead of pre-configured images, the system offers to install a basic environment and then customize everything to suit their needs. This is supported by the unique resource – Arch Wiki, which contains detailed documentation and instructions on all aspects of working with the distribution.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Arch Linux

Key advantages of Arch Linux include:

• Updating to the latest versions of software thanks to the rolling release model.


• Flexible system customization according to individual requirements.


• Wide selection of packages and access to AUR (Arch User Repository), which expands possibilities for installing user-defined packages.


• High level of security and transparency of the system.

However, there are also disadvantages:

• High entry barrier for beginners due to the need for manual configuration and understanding of the system.


• More frequent system updates, which can lead to compatibility risks or errors.


• Lack of graphical installer or automated installation tools, requiring knowledge of the command line.

Preparing for Installation

Before starting the installation, it is recommended to prepare several important elements. First, create a bootable media with the Arch Linux ISO image. It can be downloaded from the official website and written to a USB drive or disc using programs like Rufus or balenaEtcher. It is also important to back up data, as the installation process involves formatting partitions.

It is advisable to have an internet connection on hand, as it will be needed for downloading packages and updates. It is also recommended to familiarize yourself with the documentation on the official website to gain an understanding of the installation and configuration process.

Arch Linux Installation Process

After booting from the installation media, proceed with the installation. The installation involves several steps:

1. Disk Preparation

Use the fdisk or gdisk command to create partitions: one for the system, one for swap, and if necessary — a data partition.

2. Formatting Partitions

For example, mkfs.ext4 for the root partition, mkswap for swap.

3. Mounting Partitions

Mount the root partition to /mnt, then create and mount partitions under /mnt/boot, /mnt/home, and others if needed.

4. Installing the Base System

Use the command pacstrap /mnt base linux linux-firmware to install the minimal set of packages.

5. System Configuration

After installation, run chroot /mnt to enter the new system. Configure the timezone, localization, network settings, install the GRUB bootloader, and other components.

Initial Configuration

After completing the installation and rebooting the system, it is important to perform initial setup:

• Network configuration: for wired connections, usually run systemctl enable NetworkManager, and for Wi-Fi — use nmcli or nmtui.


• System update: run the command pacman -Syu to get the latest package updates.


• Installing a graphical interface: for example, install Xorg, graphics card drivers, window manager, or desktop environment (such as GNOME, KDE, XFCE).


• User setup: create a new user using useradd, set a password, and configure permissions.

Package Management and System Updates

The main tool for installing and managing packages in Arch Linux is pacman. For example, to search for a package, use pacman -Ss name; to install — pacman -S name; to remove — pacman -R name. Additionally, you can use AUR helpers like yay or paru, which expand access to third-party packages and scripts.

System-wide updates are performed with the command pacman -Syu, which synchronizes and updates all installed packages to their latest versions. It is important to regularly perform updates to keep the system secure and functional.

Conclusion

Arch Linux is a powerful and flexible distribution, ideal for users who want full control over their OS. Its installation requires certain skills and time, but the result justifies the effort by providing a highly customized and modern system. Thanks to an active community, comprehensive documentation, and constant updates, Arch Linux remains a popular choice among enthusiasts and professionals.

Learning to work with Arch Linux opens new possibilities in managing Linux systems, enhances knowledge, and allows creating unique environments for work, study, or development. If you are open to experimentation and ready for self-education, this distribution will be an excellent choice for you.